Timeless Gemstones

Gemstone reference

Every stone named across the birthstone systems on this site, in one A–Z table — Mohs hardness, color family, and the species/variety relationships that the birthstone traditions themselves often blur (chrysolite is peridot; hyacinth is zircon; aquamarine and emerald are both beryl). Click a name for the full write-up, including which months and zodiac signs list it, under which systems.

A

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Agate6.5–7Multicolour, Grey, Brownchalcedony—
Alexandrite8.5Green, Red, Multicolourchrysoberyl—
Amethyst7Purplequartz—
Aquamarine7.5–8Blueberyl—

B

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Beryl7.5–8Colourless, Green, Blue, Yellow, Pink, Multicolour——
Bloodstone6.5–7Green, Multicolourchalcedonyheliotrope

C

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Carnelian6.5–7Orange, Redchalcedony—
Cat's Eye8.5Yellow, Green, Brownchrysoberylcymophane, chrysoberyl cat's eye
Chrysolite6.5–7Greenperidotperidot, olivine
Chrysoprase6.5–7Greenchalcedony—
Citrine7Yellow, Orangequartz—

D

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Diamond10Colourless——

E

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Emerald7.5–8Greenberyl—

G

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Garnet6.5–7.5Red, Orange, Green, Multicolour——

H

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Hyacinth6–7.5Orange, Redzirconjacinth

J

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Jasper6.5–7Multicolour, Brown, Redchalcedony—

L

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Lapis Lazuli5–6Blue——

M

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Moonstone6–6.5White, Colourless, Blueorthoclase feldspar—

O

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Onyx6.5–7Black, Whitechalcedony—
Opal5.5–6.5Multicolour, White, Colourless——

P

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Pearl2.5–4.5White, Multicolour——
Peridot6.5–7Greenolivinechrysolite

R

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Rock Crystal7Colourlessquartz—
Ruby9Redcorundum—

S

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Sapphire9Blue, Multicolourcorundum—
Sardonyx6.5–7Multicolour, Red, Brownchalcedony—
Spinel8Red, Pink, Blue, Multicolour——

T

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Tanzanite6–7Blue, Purplezoisite—
Topaz8Yellow, Blue, Brown, Colourless——
Tourmaline7–7.5Multicolour, Green, Pink, Blue——
Turquoise5–6Blue, Green——

Z

StoneMohs hardnessColor familyVariety ofAlso known as
Zircon6–7.5Blue, Colourless, Brown, Multicolour——